CHAPTER
XV
THE
YEZIDEES (DEVIL WORSHIPPERS)
The sect
of the Yezidees was founded by Sheik Adi in the fifth century. Mr. W. B.
Seabrook's observations on the Yezidees, as recorded in his book, Adventures in
Arabia, form a basis for the study of the beliefs of this sect.
According
to his informant, the Yezidee faith is briefly this : '
"God
created seven spirits ' as a man lighteth one lamp after another ',and the first of these spirits was Satan, whom
God made supreme ruler of the earth for a period of ten thousand years. And
because Satan was supreme master of the earth, those who dwelt on it could
prosper only by doing him homage and worshipping him.
"
Since the true name was forbidden ",Mechmed Hamdi told me, " they
referred to Shaitan as Melek Taos (Angel Peacock) and worshipped him in the form
of a brass bird "
While
the name of Shaitan was forbidden ", he said, " so much so that if a
Yezides hears it spoken, their law commands him either to kill the man who
uttered it or kill himself — yet we could talk as freely with them about Melek
Taos as we could to a Christian about Jesus. "
A priest
of the cult also volunteered the following information to Mr. Seabrook on the
Yezidee divinity.
"Our
difference from all other religions is this that we know God is so far away
that we can have no contact with Him and He, on his part, has no knowledge or
interest of any sort concerning human affairs. It is useless to pray to him or
worship Him. He cares nothing about us.
"
He has given the entire control of this world for ten thousand years to the bright
spirit Melek Taos, and Him, therefore, we worship. Moslems and Christians are
wrongly taught that he whom we call Melek Taos is the spirit of evil. We know
that this is not true.
He is
the spirit of power and the ruler of this world. At the end of the ten thousand
years of his reign of which we are now
in the third thousand — he will Re enter paradise as the chief of the Seven
Bright Spirits, and all his true worshippers will enter paradise with him.
"
The
Grand Priest of the order, the " Mir ", receives one-seventh part of
the harvests of the land. He is the arbiter of all religious matters and under
him rank seven ecclesiastical orders.
The
doctrine of the Yezidees is contained in three sacred books The Black Book,The
Revelation and The Contract with the Devil; but a knowledge of reading and
writing is restricted to the priests of the first order and is classified by
the sect as serious sin.
CHAPTER
XVI
ORTHODOX
ISLAM
The
Arabian peninsula was the home of nomads and mountaineers when, in the seventh
century, Mahomet arose as a self styled Prophet and the creator of Islamism.
The doctrine of Islam has three dogmas : —
1.
Monotheism.
2.
Belief in the Prophet, namely Mahomet.
3. The
law of retribution.
The
sacred book of Islamism, the Koran, was devoid of mystic teaching. The Figh,
for every believer, is the code of morals and obligations such as
fast,prayer,pigrimage to Mecca, etc. Mysticism was interjected into Islamism by
Sufism.
Mahomet
aimed at the establishment of a religion which, he declared, was revealed to
him during periods of trance which he frequently underwent.He was determined to
impose this religion on all the Arabs and, through much bloodshed, he succeeded
in stamping out the Koraishites from whom he took Mecca.
The
death of Mahomet was the signal for disruption among his followers and
innumerable divisions both political and religious,from the history of the
Arabs during their periods of conquest which began immediately after the death
of Mahomet during the Khalifate of Omar (634-644).
CHAPTER
XVII
UNORTHODOX
ISLAM, THE ISHMAELITES,THE LODGE OF CAIRO
Manicheism
was not the only secret association that sprang from the initiations of the
Magi.In the seventh century of our era we meet with similar societies,
possessing an influence not limited to the regions in which they arose,
variations of one single thought, which aimed at combining the venerable
doctrines of Zoroaster with Christian belief. Of these societies or sects the
following may be mentioned : the followers of Keyoumerz; the worshippers of
Servan, certain Zoroastrians, so-called " Dualists " ; Gnostics and,
lastly, the followers of Mastek, the most formidable and disastrous of all,
preaching universal equality and liberty, the irresponsibility of man, and the
community of property and women.
The
Arabs having rendered themselves masters of Persia in the seventh centur,the
sects of that country set to work to spread their tenets among Islam in order
to undermine it.
This is
corroborated by Heckethorn who writes :
"The
Persian sects examined the Koran, pointed out its contradictions, and denied
its divine origin. And so there arose in Islamism that movement which attacks
dogmas, and destroys faith, and substitutes for blind belief free enquiry.
" '
In
Persia and in Mesopotamia had spread the new rationalism, the philosophical
heresy of the Mutazilites (schismatics) exposed by Hassan al-Basri.
The Jew
Abdallah Ibn Saba 2 presented himself as the prophet of the future Imam, who
was to manifest. He meant to overthrow the caliphate and to uphold the rights
of Mahomet al-Hanafi, the son of Ismael, the descendant of the prophet by his
daughter Fatima, the wife of Ali. Thus was founded the Shi'a sect.
The
Fatmite dynasty (from Fatima, daughter of Mahomet) was founded in 909 A. D.
when Ahmed Said, the son of a Jewess who had married the Shi'a chief
al-Hussain, conquered Egypt and Syria, establishing the centre at Cairo.
Declaring himself to be the long expected Imam, Said, on coming to power,
assumed the name of Obaid Allah el-Mahdi. 4 The Fatmite dynasty lasted from 909
to 1171. Hecke thorn informs us that " The Doial-Doat, or supreme missionary
or judge, shared the power with the prince.
"
Meetings were held in the Lodge at Cairo, which contained many books and
scientific instruments; science was the professed object, but the real aim was
very different. The course of instruction was divided into nine degrees... the
ninth degree... as the necessary result of the teaching of all the former,
taught that nothing was to be believed, and that everything was lawful.
"
Egypt, especially, seems as if predestined to be the birthplace of secret
societies, of priests, warriors and fanatics. It is the region of mysteries...
Cairo has succeeded the ancient Memphis, the doctrine of the Lodge of Wisdom
that of the Academy of Heliopolis... The throne of the descendants of Fatima
was to be surrounded with an army of assassins, a formidable body-guard; a mysterious
militia was to be raised, that should spread far and wide the fame and terror
of the caliphate of Cairo, and inflict fatal blows on the abhorred rule of
Bagdad. The missionaries spread widely, and in Arabia and Syria, partisans were
won, to whom the designs of the order were unknown, but who had with fearful
solemnity sworn blind obedience. "
The
Fatmites had received from the sect the mission of destroying, or at least of disrupting Islam. The successor of
Obaid-Allah continued this work, having himself proclaimed a Shi'a while in
reality he was sceptic. It was under the Caliph Hakim that the Druses came into
being.
The
Shi'a sects who recognized Mohammed al- Hanafi as the last living " Imam
" were called Ismaelites or Septimans. From their midst sprang a secret body, the Khoja, which, in spite of
persecution still exists in Persia and India, where its exoteric chief is the
Anglicised Indian, the Aga Khan, whose followers are the moneylenders of Islam,
a profession forbidden by Mahomet.
Still
another Shi'a sect, the Duodecimans or Imanites, recognize Mohamed al-Muntazar
the twelfth Imam.
Under
the Fatmite Caliph Hakim,a new religion sprang out of Ismailism, that of the
Druses, so called from its inventor, a certain Darosi. This religion differs
little from Ismailism, except that it introduces the dogma of the incarnation
of God himself on Earth, under the form of the Caliph Hakim.
When the
Fatmite Caliph Mostansir ascended the throne, he re-established the Ismailian
belief :and the Druses, driven from Egypt, took refuge in Lebanon, where they
still exist.
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