CHAPTER
XXXI
PRACTICAL
POLITICS
The game
of politics is the pursuit of power. In all democracies, there are two separate
organizations playing the political game. The open and visible one, the members
of which hold office as members of a government, and the invisible one composed
of individuals who control this visible organization and in whom is vested the
real power, the essence of which is finance, controlling the publicity which
makes or unmakes its tools.
This
financial power may be used to promote truth or fallacies, good or evil,
national prosperity or national ruin, but so long as human nature is what it
is, so long as jealousy, greed, personal ambition and expediency can sway the
lives of men, so long will the rule of the invisible power prevail by methods
inimical to the best interests of a nation. The strength of a democracy thus
lies at the mercy of invisible leaders who, being nationally irresponsible,
cannot be called to account for the consequences of the acts of the governments
they control. This at the same time constitutes the inherent weakness of any
form of government, the apotheosis of which is the control of both parties in
the state, right and left, radical and conservative, by the same forces. Then,
only the puppets change while the rule of the individuals controlling the
machine continues unhindered. Voters who wonder why their efforts have failed,
wonder in vain. As the dupes of a controlled publicity their privilege of the
vote is a farce.
If all
factions in a state can be controlled from one source, why should International
Control be impracticable? Italy, if one follows its history for the last hun-
dred years, gives a sequence of good illustrations of such possibilities and
affords us a chance to follow the progressive stages of masonic centralization
and imposition of Internationalism upon nations, as conceived by Mazzini, Pike,
Palmerston and Bismarck.
International
control was Mazzini's dream. His cynical remark " We aspire to corrupt in
order to rule " leaves one little faith in the idealism of thisPatriarch
of International Freemasonry. That he applied his motto is shown by the use he
made of Francesco Crispi.
As
Palamenghi-Crispi writes : '
"
Crispi became personally acquainted with Mazzini in London, in January, 1855,
but they had corresponded since 1850, when, their golden dream of liberty and
independence banished by the return of all the tyranny of the past, the bravest
of the patriots had once more begun to conspire.
"
While pondering the idea of founding a National Committee in which the various
regions of Italy should be represented, Mazzini also determined to form a fund
for the carrying out of great enterprises. And ' as it is impossible to obtain
large sums secretly and from a few people ' he wrote, he worked out a plan fora
National Loan, to be raised by the issue of bonds to be redeemed by a liberated
Italy.
"
The first act of the National Committee was to authorise the issue of such
bonds to the amount of ten million lire. "
In his
youth, Francesco Crispi made a mistake, and blackmail made him a ruler of men.
As the tool of Mazzini, he ruled Italy for many years, and as the ruler of
Italy, he wielded the secret power of International Masonry in accordance with
the policy of his masters.
According
to Crispi 33° by D. Vaughan, " Crispi, in Palladism, Brother v
Serafino-Chiocciola, was born atRibera, in Sicily, on Oct. 4, 1819. His father,
Tommaso Crispi, a lawyer, destined him to the church, but in 1837, he married
Felicita Valle, a pretty young girl with whom he was infatuated. In 1856, he
abandoned her for Rosalia Montmasson, deserting the latter in 1878 to marry
Lina Barbagallo, widow Capellani. At this period, he was openly accused of
bigamy and though challenged to do so, he never produced the documents
necessary to prove the death of his first wife, Felicita Valle.
"
After his marriage in 1837, he practised law and in 1838 joined one of the
numerous secret societies which in those days infested Sicily. Presently he
star- ted his career as a political intriguer and conspirator travelling over
the world on his sinister business under different aliases and false passports
provided for him by Mazzini, who, in view of his confidential position as
friend of the King of Naples, had bought his services as a spy. "
Domenico
Margiotta states in Francesco Crispi, son (Euvre Nefaste, that he found among
the papers of his grandfather — a member of Young Italy who had been condemned
to death as the head of the conspiracy, which penalty he however successfully escaped
a telegram from Mazzini, instructing the
organization to " give Crispi promptly thirty thousand ducats to begin
with on the account of the Neapolitan Committee of Young Italy and let him get
to work. "
"While
at Malta in 1855, he joined the masonic lodge, " Zetland", under
English jurisdiction from which he was shortly expelled for the theft of 800
francs from one of its members. He went to London shortly afterwards. There,
Lord Palmerston had returned to power. By becoming an ardent admirer and fanatical
follower of Mazzini, Crispi simultaneously entered the good graces of
Palmerston who was on the very best of terms with the Italian leader.
In 1856,
believing that Napoleon III, in cooperation with Cavour, was the secret arbiter
of the destinies of Italy, and the greatest obstacle to the realization of his
own republican schemes, Mazzini induced Crispi to go to Paris.
While he
was there, a number of attempts were made on the life of the Emperor, among
others that of Orsini on Jan. 14, 1858, but, though strongly suspected of
participation in these conspiracies by the police or Paris, no evidence for a
direct charge of complicity against Crispi was ever obtained. However, it is
known that he and Orsini had previously met in London where the latter had
shown him how to make the famous bombs, the use and manufacture of which Crispi
afterwards taught his followers in Sicily.
By
August 3, 1858, he was back in London, the Paris police having developed too
great a zeal on his behalf during his sojourn in the French capital.
At last
by 1860, the various Italian conspiracies crystallized into one. Everything was
ready for the fulfilment of Mazzini's dream of United Italy. Bertani, Bixio and Crispi decided to go to Turin
themselves to see General Garibaldi and, after the British Minister, Sir James
Hudson, had confirmed certain information on conditions in Palermo, which had
been furnished by the Genoese deputies, the General seemed at last inclined to
take action. He ordered Bixio to Genoa to charter a ship and Crispi to Milan to
receive from Enrico Besana the arms and the money already subscribed.
This
subscription was begun by General Garibaldi himself and, in view of later
developments, it is a significant fact that one of the contributions he received
for the famous expedition of the One Thousand, was the sum of fifty thousand
francs from the Jew, Cornelius Herz.
Twelve
thousand guns were in the hands of Massimo d'Azeglio, then governor of Milan
who, by order of the government, surrendered them to the rebels.
Finally,
General Garibaldi arrived in Genoa on April 14. On the 16th, Crispi returned to
Turin where he saw the Minister of the Interior, Farini, who, having by that
time changed his mind concerning the Italian expedition, had ceased to be a
dictator and had assumed the attitude of a diplomatic satellite of Cavour. He
proved quite intractable. Back in Genoa, Crispi found La Farina again, this
time with orders to report all developments to Cavour. Cavour, warned not to
interfere with Garibaldi, raised no obstacles to the progress of the plot. He
only advised waiting for better news from the Island of Sicily, and promised to
cooperate with a million guns, as soon as the time for the expedition seemed
propitious.
Still
Garibaldi hesitated. The Sicilian news was contradictory. On April 26, Crispi
received from Niccola Fabrizzi a message from Malta reading " Failure in
the provinces and in the town of Palermo. Many exiles arriving at Malta on
English ships. " Luckily a few days later, a communication from Palermo,
published by the Gazette of Turin, told of the great proportions assumed by the
insurrection in Sicily, This communication had been invented and written at
Genoa by Crispi for the purposes of overcoming the last scruples of Garibaldi !
One day,
the second of May, Crispi and Garibaldi were alone in a room looking seaward,
in the Villa Spinola Quarti. They were talking about the expedition. Crispi as
usual, was fighting the vacillations of Garibaldi. Suddenly, the General
interrupted him saying, " You are the only one to encourage me in this
enter- prise, Everyone else tries to dissuade me. Why ?" "Because I
am profoundly convinced that it will be helpful to the fatherland and that it
will cover you with glory. I fear only one thing : The uncertainty of the sea.
"
" I
answer for the sea " said Garibaldi.
"
And I answer for the land " said Crispi.
Garibaldi
was persuaded and the die was cast.
After
the victorious expedition of the One Thousand had placed the group of
conspirators in power in Sicily, each was rewarded according to his merits,
Crispi becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs. Cavour had died on June 6, 1861,
poisoned, it is said, on May 28, by order of Mazzini.
Until
1861, Crispi had cooperated whole heart-iedly with the revolutionaries but, as
time wore on, he began to think that it might be more to his personal advantage
to serve the King than Mazzini.
His plan
was discovered by Mazzini's spies and in 1862, the deputy of Castelvetrano
found himself facing death for treason at the hands of his former friends and
accomplices, under conditions that enslaved him body and soul forever after, to
the International Sect.
Early in
April 1862, he attended a Freemasonic dinner of the Associations Emancipatrice
at Turin. Suddenly he felt ill, very ill, fire seemed to be burning within him.
He was in the throes of the most appalling agony. Instead of offering
assistance, the other guestsbegan to laugh, then, one of them rising, spoke to
him severely in the following terms :
"
Francesco, you went to visit King Victor Emmanuel, without telling us of your
intention and you offered him your secret services. You let him know that you
were ready to go over at the first opportunity. Till then your opinions had
been republican. Well, that is treason. We have condemned you. You are
poisoned. You are a dead man. "
The
poison had indeed been administered in the bread. Among the organizers of the
banquet was the baker Dolfi, who had formerly contributed to the expulsion of
the Grand Duke of Tuscany and who had become one of the members of the Radical
Directing Committee. On this occasion, Dolfi had kneaded the bread himself, and
each guest had found his place at the table marked by a small roll bearing his
name, traced on its golden crust by a fillet of whitish dough. All the guests,
agreeably surprised, had congratulated the baker for his delicate attention,
but the piece of bread marked Crispi had been separately kneaded and contained
the poison.
Crispi
realized full well that he was lost. He knew there was no escape and that all
the exits to the banquet hall were closed, moreover, he was too weak to tight.
Without recrimination and in the throes of acute pain, he dropped into a chair
upon which, writhing in agony, he awaited a lingering death.
The
others surrounded him, watching him in silence with profound contempt.
Suddenly, a door opened, a curtain was raised and a man appeared. He advanced
slowly. It was Mazzini.
"
Poor wretch ! " said he to the dying man. " I pity you. "
At these
words, Crispi looked up. His dim eyes gleamed suddenly and he murmured feebly.
"
Yes, ambition made me betray... It is true ... I was going to sell myself...
But I die... Do not insult my agony... Do not mock me... 1 suffer too much !
"
" I
do not speak to you in derision, " answered the grand master, "
Francesco Crispi, I forgive you... Drink this and you are saved. You will be
reborn... "
So
saying, he forced his teeth apart and pressing a small vial to the lips of the
dying man poured the counter-poison down his parched throat.
After
his last words, Crispi had collapsed. Some time passed. Was he still alive ? He
seemed a corpse. Little by little, sweat gathered on his face and hands then,
slowly, his livid countenance regained some colour.
For a
long time he seemed inert. Then his eyelids opened and, looking around with a
stunned expression of incomprehension, he asked.
"
Where am I ? "
"
You have returned from the realm of the dead " murmured Mazzini gravely.
"
Oh ! Yes, I remember now, Mercy ! Mercy ! " he added suddenly, recalling
realities and clinging desperately to life. " I live indeed, Master. Is it
not a dream ? "
"You
live, yes, Francesco; but henceforth you are more completely enslaved than the
last of the negroes for whose freedom they are fighting over there in America...
You live again and your ambition will be gratified... You will be minister,
minister of the Monarchy ;
You will
hold in your hands the reins of government but, without betraying us, without
selling yourself !... You will part from us, not privately but publicly... We
will denounce you, and while denouncing you, we will push you to power. It is
the monarchy that you will betray by executing our orders, when we shall have
made you minister of the crown... And you will obey us in all things, even
should the orders we give you seem contradictory, even should their execution
cause you to pass for a madman in the eyes of Europe ! Yes, Francesco Crispi,
from this day forward, you belong to us, for you must never forget that, should
you place us in a position where it might be expedient to cut short your own
existence a second time, no power in the world could save you from the death,
the sufferings of which you have known today. Live then for Masonry. Fight
Royalty and the Church. You will be the gravedigger of this house of Savoy. It
is only an instrument for us and we have condemned it to disappear after it has
served our purpose. "
This
plan of action was carried out. In 1864, Crispi, on orders from his master, became
a Royalist and duly denounced Mazzini. That is the explanation of his often
incoherent and erratic policies in after life. Mazzini's promise was fulfilled
and Crispi became Minister of the Interior in 1878.
In 1877,
he had been on a tour to Paris, Berlin, London and Vienna. In Paris, he had
seen Thiers, Jules Favre and Gambetta; in Germany, Prince Bismarck, with whom
he already had an acquaintance of some years standing, and who shared his
aversion for France and the Roman Catholic Church ; in England, Lord Derby and
Mr. Gladstone ; but the true purpose of his mission in these lands is still
unknown. As a consequence of his interview with Bismarck, at Salzbourg, Italy,
fearing France, threw herself into the hands of the Iron Chancellor. Germany
henceforth was to hold her as a dog ready to be set at either against Austria
or France when it suited her purpose. The Triple Alliance was formed on May 20,
1882.
Crispi's
accession to the ministry was therefore a victory of prime importance to the
sect.
After
the death of Mazzini, in 1872, Adriano Lemmi took over his masonic heritage
and, along with the rest, his slave Francesco Crispi, who, with the Jew Barozilai,
became his right hand man.
King
Victor Emmanuel died on Jan 9, 1878, and was succeeded by Humbert I. That same
year saw the death of Pope Pius IX and the accession to the papacy of Leo XIII.
In 1884,
Humbert I was initiated into masonry as Knight Kadosch, under conditions of the
greatest secrecy and a lodge, that of Savoia Illuminata, was founded in his
honour.
In spite
of his exalted masonic position the monarch's political information was always
strictly censored by his masonic superiors.
From
1887 to 1891, and again from 1893 to 1896, Crispi acted the part of Prime
Minister.
In order
to enable him to curry favour with the common people, Lemmi occasionally
authorized him to execute political turnovers. The Grand Master Lemmi once said
to Humbert " Fear not; The socialism of Crispi will not last; it will
provoke no riots, it is simply an electoral manoeuvre " and the king was
much gratified at being so well informed. There at least, the 33° King was not
deceived. If now and again Crispi resumed his revolutionary complexion, it was
only to obtain the votes of those whom he persecuted mercilessly once he had
obtained power. To him, a change of opinion was as easy as a change of shirt.
In 1889,
came the scandal of the Banca Romana, revealed as such through the efforts of
Giovanni Giolitti 3 and in 1892, that of Panama involving another, namely the
Grand Cordon of Cornelius Herz, any one of which would have swamped the
political career of any unprotected individual. Crispi, though seriously
implicated, was supported through an impossible situation by the masonic
brotherhood.
The
Abyssinian War, itself the result of masonic intrigue, was the terrible
manoeuvre calculated to ruin the House of Savoy in the eyes of the Italian
people.
It was
known that, at the time of the disaster of Adowa, the succession of Adriano
Lemmi to the Grand Mastership of the Grand Orient of Italy was open, and that
competition for the position was keen. Some favoured the candidacy of Bovio,
others that of Nathan, later Mayor of Rome. But Crispi had promised General
Baratieri, 4 a masonic dignitary, that he should have the preference above all
others, on condition that he win a victory over the Negus. Such an achievement
would give Italy another Garibaldi, a popular hero, while simultaneously
providing Crispi himself with a useful tool and the position of " top dog
" which had never been his before.
But the
disastrous defeat of his candidate by Menelek, at the Battle of Adowa on March
2, 1896, resulted in the fall of Crispi, not that of the king.
The
agent of Lemmi had played his part but the great game of the Federated Secret
Societies had only suffered a temporary setback. In 1900, King Humbert I was
assassinated at Monza. Crispi died in 1901.
The fate
of Italy is the fate of all nations governed by political rings. Italy in the
19th century seems to have been the vortex of the intrigue directed against
Christianity which today ravages the world, carrying in its wake a general
disregard of all ideals, decency, duty and loyalty.
Liberty
is corrupted into licentiousness, marital fidelity into perversion, equality into
equality of low standards and fraternity into a brotherhood based on mutual
slavery under the yoke of International Finance.
And the
monster grows apace! Today it bestrides the world under the name of Bolshevism,
but it is the same old monster, the heresy of the first centuries of the
Christian era and the Middle Ages, namely Gnosticism.
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