CHAPTER
LXXVI
INDEPENDENT
ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH I. O. B. B.
(JEWISH
MASONRY)
(Founded
1843)
B'nai
B'rith means " Sons of the Covenant ", the Covenant being that of circumcision
practised according to the Mosaic law. Hence the Independent Order of the B'nai
B'rith admits only Jews as members.
This
rite "was founded in New York in 1843 by a number of German Jews, headed
by Henry Jones. "
Its
constitution, District Lodges, Grand Lodges, stamp it as a Jewish Masonic
Society.
Like
most societies, it covers its political activities under the cloak of "
benevolence and philanthropy. "
From its
inception until the present time, its main contact has been with Germany and
its chief aim the establishment of the supremacy of the German Jews in all world
affairs through the channel of " Internationalism".
In 1882,
the strength of the I. 0. B. B. in the United States warranted the opening of
Lodges in Germany by Moritz Ettinger, and the growth of the order was s6 rapid
there that in 1885, Julius Bien, President of the Order in New York, went over
and inaugurated the first German Grand Lodge of the I. O. B. B.
The
political activities of the leaders of the order in Bumania, Austria and
Hungary are a matter of record, although the chief centre of their power is in
the United States where they have lately attained supremacy in the Jewish World
by absorbing " national " Zionism and submitting it wholly to their
own " international " policy when the Jewish World Agency was created
in October, 1928.
It will
be well for the reader to bear in mind that, however united a front the Jews
may present to the Gentiles, yet among themselves they are divided, and the
fight for supremacy and the attainment of world power is not less bitter
between their various camps than it is among the different sects of
Freemasonry.
Babbi
Dr. Leo Bach was the president of the B'nai B'rith of Germany in 1928.
The
Grand Master for Bussia of the International Order of the B'nai B'rith at the
time of the Russian revolution of 1917 was Sliozberg. He was one of the
inspirers of Kerensky, the leader of the first revolution of 1917. 2 Alexander
Kerensky, real name Aron Kirbiz, Kerensky having been the name of his
stepfather, was a member of the Socialist revolutionary party and a 32nd degree
Scottish Bites Mason.
There is
but little doubt now that the B'nai B'rith seems to be the supreme body,
shaping and directing, for the attainment of its own ends, the policies, what-
ever they may be, of all Freemasonry beginning with the Grand Lodge of England,
The Grand Orient and Scottish Bites, and ending in the O. T. O., which is
Illuminism under another name.
For root
of this movement see Chapter "VII.
r'or
development of this movement see Chapter CXXVII.
CHAPTER
LXXVII
YOUNG IRELAND
(Founded
1843)
Captain
H. B. C. Pollard, in writing of the Young Ireland movement says " The
leaders of the Young Ireland Party of 1848 were John Mitchell, an advanced
Radical, deeply tinged with Jacobin ideas, and William Smith O'Brien, whose
brother later became Lord Inchiquin. They obtained popular support by reason of
the widespread misery caused by the Potato famine of ' Black Forty-seven. '
Gavan Duffy, Dillon, Doheny, O'Gorman and Stephens were all minor conspirators.
Mitchell and O'Brien were transported to Van Diemens Land, but the younger men
mostly made good their escape and lived in exile in Paris and America. "
"
The old traditional combination of an open movement within the law reinforced
by a secret organization of criminal habits was revived in 1850, when the
Tenant Defence Society was founded with the object of enforcing, by agitation,
legislation which was to accomplish by legal means that expropriation of
property that the combined genius of Whitefeet, Rockites, Tenvalts, Molly
Maguires and all other Irish terrorist societies had failed to achieve by
violence.
"
The Archbishop of Dublin at that time was Archbishop Cullen, who was familiar
with the evils resulting from the effective use of Secret Societies. He had
been in Rome when the successful Carbonarists under Mazzini and Garibaldi drove
out the Pope and the lesson had not been
wasted. Cullen readily ascertained that the Tenants' Rights Party was merely a
new disguise for the late ' Young Ireland ' movement, whose ideals were both
Republican and, within limits, anti-clerical.
"
There was no formal excommunication, but a quiet though firm ban was placed on
the party. "
The
Young Ireland Movement was but a branch of the Young Europe Movement led by
Mazzini, the main history of which will be found in Part I.
For root
of this movement see Chapters LXIII, LXV.
For
development of this movement see Chapter LXXXII.
CHAPTER
LXXVIII
THE
BAHAI MOVEMENT
(Founded
1844)
"Inquire
Within", in her book Light-bearers of Darkness, gives an excellent summary
of the crigin and scope of this sect. From her work we quote the following :
"
This movement was founded in 1844 by a Persian, Mirza Ali Muhammad, who took
the title of ' Bab ' (the Gate); he revolted against the Hierarchy, who,
fearing his growing influence, had him shot at Tabriz, 1850.
"
It claims to be the fulfilment ' of that which was but partially revealed in
previous dispensations ', and they look upon Buddha, Zoroaster, Jesus,
Mohammed, and Confucius as merely preparing the world for the advent of the '
Most Great Peace ' and the ' Mighty World Educator ' Baha'u'llah (Glory of
God), 1863-92, and later Abdul-Baha, 1892-1921. It further claims to be the
unity of all religions, also older and modern movements, such as Theosophy,
Freemasonry, Spiritualism, Socialism, etc. ; it aims at conferring illumination
upon humanity, and like all illuminated groups, it works for universal peace,
religion, education, language (Esperanto), and universal everything leading to
unity of humanity; therefore all prejudices must be abandoned, traditional,
racial, patriotic, religious and political ; all religions must be in
accordance with science and reason. "
The
Bahais have a temple in Chicago, the building of which was begun in 1903 which
" Inquire Within " describes as being a perfect nonagon in form, all
its dimensions being based on the number nine, " the cabalistic number of
generation, which initiates and leads to unity with the universal astral light.
" '
The same
author further explains the organization of the sect most concisely in the
following lines :
"
There is a Guardian of the Cause — Shogi-Effendi — with nine co-workers, and in
each town there is a Spiritual Assembly of nine members, who must be consulted,
absolutely obeyed, and submitted to. There are also National Spiritual
Assemblies in all countries to which the cause has spread, and, finally, they
are making elaborate plans to form an International Spiritual Assembly to be
elected by all believers — to enact ordinances and regulations not found in the
explicit Holy Text. "
We leave
it to anyone interested to follow the subversive activities of this sect in
either the political or religious realm.
For root
of this movement see Chapter IV.
CHAPTER
LXXIX
THE
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODDFELLOWS
I. O. O.
F.
(AMERICAN)
(Founded
1844)
The
following information is gathered from The Complete Manual of Oddfellows.
"
In 1819, Thomas Wildey established in Baltimore the first lodge of Oddfellows
in the United States, and from 1825 till 1833, he was Grand Sire of the Grand
Lodge.
"
In 1843 Grand Sire Howell Hopkins of Pennsylvania was installed, and the United
States Grand Lodge issued a dispensation for opening the Prince of Wales Lodge
No. 1 at Montreal, Canada.
"
In 1844 The Grand Lodge (Oddfellows U. S. A.) appointed a Ritual Revision
Committee and entirely changed all the working, rejecting the whole of the English
work, and in point of fact creating an entirely new Order " ' based on the
plans of Thomas Wildey. (See part I of this book).
The
woman's degree of " Rebeckah ", which was formulated by Schuyler
Colfax in 1851, was adopted by the Grand Lodge in September of that year.
The
American Oddfellows have five degrees.
For the
important and interesting connection of this order with Ancient and Accepted
Scottish Rites we would refer the reader to page 211 of this book.
CHAPTER
LXXX
MODERN
SPIRITISM
(Founded
1848)
Modern
Spiritism, sometimes called Spiritualism, traces its descent from the
mystifications of Catherine and Margaret Fox, the daughters of John Fox, who,
in 1848, during the course of experiments conducted in a haunted house at
Hydesville, New York, U. S. A. elaborated a system of communication by raps,
with invisible entities. Both sisters eventually confessed to having abused the
credulity of the public in their spiritist seances but the universal interest
aroused by the phenomena at Hydesville did not abate.
Since
then, there has been a regular epidemic of table turning, ouija boards,
planchettes, automatic writings and similar modes, more or less effective, for
achieving mediumship.
The
acquisition of this type of mediumship exposes the aspirant to the danger of an
induced state of mental passivity during which the mind may register vibrations
broadcast from some terrestrial centre such as that provided by the recently
constituted " Polaire Society " and recognized by the H. B. of L.
(See page 531).
The
cultivation of spiritism under all its different aspects either for amusement
or pseudo-scientific investigation leads to serious consequences when occult
adepts rely upon such manifestations for spiritual and material guidance. One
is appalled at the thought that even the destinies of nations may become
subject to occult direction emanating from spiritistic seances. In connection
herewith, the following clipping shows the opeiation of these methods on
persons prominent in political life. As everyone knows, Mrs. Snowden, now
Viscountess Snowden, is the wife of the then (1930) Chancellor oi the
Exchequer, and a woman oi great personal influence.
The
Daily Telegraph, October 29th 1930.
The
physical force of " Kundalini " expended by people in these "
communications with the unseen drain their vital energy to such an extent that,
when such practices are indulged in for an appreciable length of time, their
nervous systems may be seriously impaired. A " Ouija " medium, after
a week's consecutive sittings will feel a sense of heaviness and oppression
about the solar plexus at certain hours. This sensation is shortly followed by
serious physical weakness, manifest in sports
and athletics. Presently, the medium — now a potential medical patient —
will be unable to sleep at night.
Cracks,
bangs, knocks, etc., will mark an approaching state of obsession. People whose
psychic experiments have brought them to this degree of development, generally
cut short further adventures in this field of science and theology. These have
learned that there is indeed something beyond the obvious, and that after this
stage of induced experimental mediumship has been achieved the way is open for
such states of mind variously known to psychopathic doctors and priests as
lunacy, possession, obsession, alternating personality and sadism.
Mediumship
does not imply power. A medium is a receiver and, as such, furthers the will of
another. The fakirs of India are mediums.
That
these phenomena are real has been proved by such prominent scientists as
Crooks, Richet and Flammarion and the mediumistic exploits of such persons as
D. I). Home are so well known and attested that we will give but one short
extract here from page 171 of The Rosicrucian, quoting a speech by Lord
Lindsay, Senior Grand Warden of England, for the benefit of persons who may
happen to have no acquaintance with the subject.
" I
may mention that on another occasion I was sitting with Mr. Home and Lord Adare
and a cousin of his. During the sitting Mr. Home went into a trance and in that
state was carried out of the window in the room next to where we were, and was
brought in at our window. The distance between the windows was about seven feet
six inches and there was not the slightest foothold between them, nor was there
more than a twelve inch projection to each window, which served as a ledge to
put flowers on. "
What are
we to think when we read in John Drink water's remarkable book on Charles James
Fox that Sir Francis Dashwood was Chancellor of the Exchequer under George III
?
Regarding
the career of Sir Francis, we here read the following. The comment concerns
John Wilkes whose " ambition to be admitted into the childish and
blasphemous fraternity notorious as the Monks of Medmenham was frustrated by
the claims of superior profligacy advanced by the fourth Lord Sandwich, with
whom he competed for election. His resentment against that nobleman and Sir
Francis Dashwood, the founder of the Society, was not appeased by the success
of an exploit that diverted the town. Wilkes contrived to let a baboon loose
upon one of the orgiastic rites at Medmenham that was being conducted in
darkness, and had the satisfaction of throwing his victims into hysterics at
the apparition of what their befuddled wits took to be the devil. " '
What
indeed can be deduced from such an historical fact as that Lord Sandwich,
" notable even in that age as a corrupter of morals ", was Secretary
of State ?
The
obvious conclusion we can draw is that men either corrupt or easily bought are
men easily blackmailed just as those who, being victims of their own greed, are
amenable to bribery.
Spiritism
is the fundamental mystery of most secret societies and the drug traffic is its
chief commercial secret.
A
clipping from the London Daily Telegraph of Nov. 29, 1930, which we reproduce,
will give the reader an excellent idea of the problem of Modern Spiritism.
SPIRITUALISTS
AND THE LAW
TEXT OF
A BILL TO GRANT RELIEF IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION SOME FAMOUS CASES RECALLED
The text
was issued yesterday of the Spiritualism and Psychical Research (Exemption)
Bill, a measure promoted by Mr. Kelly, M. P. for Rochdale, and ten other
members of the Socialist party.
It is
designed to relieve spiritualists and mediums from prosecution under the
enactments relating to witchcraft and vagrancy whilst they are " genuinely
exercising their psychic powers, whether in religious practice or scientific
investigation. "
Although
the bill appears to meditate only a change in the criminal law, it is obvious
that if placed on the Statute Book it must to some extent affect the attitude
towards spiritualism of judges who administer the common law and the principles
of equity.
If, for
example, spiritualism, seances, and mediums are to be recognised as no longer
inimical to the public well-being, it difficult to see how the civil courts
could hold, as they have done on several occasions, that a bequest to an institution
for the training of mediums and the furtherance of spiritualism generally is void,
as being against public policy. By his will Sir Arthur Conan Doyle left
bequests to three spiritualistic institutions.
On this
aspect of the matter it is interesting to recall how, heretofore, the cult of
spiritualism has been received in the High Court. It has figured, though not as
a vital issue, in actions for libel and slander. The typical cases of Archdeacon
T. Colley v. J. N. Maskelyne, in 1907, and Radcliffe Hall v. Lane Fox Pitt, in
1920, will be remembered.
MEDIUMS'
COPYRIGHT
It has also
been a more intimate issue in a copyright case, Cummins v. Bond, which came
before Mr. Justice Eve three or four years ago. The question for solution in that
case was whether the copyright in a communication said to have been made at a
seance by the spirit of a Glastonbury monk was vested in the woman medium who
received it, or in the enthusiastic sitter to whom she dic- tated it and who
wished to publish it.
The
sitter claimed that he owned the copyright, as the author was a spirit and had
only used the medium as an instrument of transmission. On the other hand, the
medium claimed the copyright on the ground that she was not a mere amanuensis,
but was in communion with the spirit of the deceased monk, and was therefore
joint author of the message.
With
customary directness the judge disregarded the pretension of both parties that
the communication had an ultra-terrestrial origin. He dealt with it as coming
from a terrestrial author, and held the medium to be the author and therefore
the holder of the copyright.
Long
memories may also revive the ase of Lyon and Home, one of the most otable cases
ever brought into a Chanery Court.
A
wealthy widow made a gift of :30,000 to Daniel Douglas Home, the lost
celebrated of the mediums of his time (the 'Sixties), and gave him also a
reversionary interest in another sum of similar amount. She did this believing
that she was fulfilling the wish of er husband, whose spirit Home had invoked.
Subsequently she rued her enerosity, and brought an action to have the gifts
set aside.
Vice-Chancellor
Giffard heard the case, and for nine days the court listened to
talk about
table rapping, knotted handerchiefs, and other phenomena. In
setting aside
the gifts Giffard characterised the manifestations which had influenced the
lady as :
"
Mischievous nonsense, well calculated on the one hand to delude the vain, the
weak, the foolish, and the superstitious, and on the other hand to assist the
projects of the needy and the adventurer. "
LORD
DARLING'S DICTA
There is
no need to strain the memory severely for an instance of judicial iticism of
the claims of spiritualists ade by Mr. Justice Darling. A theatrical agent sued
theatrical oducers for damages for alleged failure to carry out an agreement to
ace the Criterion Theatre at his disposal for a public seance. Merely mentioning
that the plaintiff won his case, and was awarded £200 damages, the comments of
the judge may be quoted full, because reference was made the statute which it
is now sought to fiend :
"
It is an open question whether the manifestations given by mediums are genuine
or mere tricks by which people are able to represent that there is comunication
with the next world. I should myself come to the conclusion that there is no
certain desire to deceive or impose, but that it is desired that people should
be puzzled as to whether there is a genuine manifestation of spirits or Whe ther
it is trickery. " There are those who believe that the spirits can
communicate in this world with those they have known, through some medium.
Their time is so unoccupied in the next world, and it is such a dreary place,
that thev are perfectly ready to come to the" Criterion and attend
matinees, and not to look on from the stage, but be on the stage
"Before
even they get on the stage they are counting the pennies in Mr. — 's overcoat
or the buttons on it, and reading a jumble of German and English nonsense.
"
On the other hand, there are those who are capable of supposing that this
really is a kind of existence imposed for eternity upon those who have ceased
to exist in life. If that is so, ' well may we weep for friends who die '.
"
All they (the plaintiffs) desired to do was to give an exhibition which would
leave some people in doubt as to whether it was real divination by means of the
dead or some trickery. No magistrate ought to convict them on this account
under the statute of George IV. "
LICENSED
CLAIRVOYANTS
In the
bill now before Parliament it is proposed that spiritualists shall be given
immunity from prosecution, provided that there is no intention to defraud. The
following are specifically mentioned as coming within the scope of the bill :
Promoter,
chairman, or other official, Lecturer or speaker, Clairvoyant, Medium.
For the
purposes of the bill, " medium " and " clairvoyant " are
defined as meaning a person " holding a certificate or licence of fitness
to practise either as a medium or clairvoyant, or in both capacities, such
certificate or licence to be issued by registered or properly constituted
spiritualistic or psychical societies, or a joint committee representing such
societies, or such other certifying or licensing body as may be approved by one
of his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State. "
The
Societies of Psychical Research, both in England and America, exist today as
scientific centres for information and investigation of spirit phenomena.
Persons interested in these " mysteries " would do well to avail
themselves of their protection and the facilities they afford for serious work.
The English Society was founded in 1882 by Henry Sidgwick, Edmund Gurney, Frederick
Meyers, W. T. Barrett and others.
For root
of this movement see Chapter XXII.
For
development of this movement see Chapters CVIII, CIX, cx, cxv.
CHAPTER
LXXXI
THE
EASTERN STAR
(Founded
1850)
This
order has five degrees and was founded lor the wives and daughters of Masons in
America by Robert Morris in 1850. It has also been worked in Scotland.
Jephthah's
Daughter Daughter's Degree
Ruth
Widow's Degree
Esther
Wife's Degree
Martha
Sister's Degree
Electa
Benevolent Degree
For root
of this movement see Chapter XLVII.
CHAPTER
LXXXII
THE
IRISH REPUBLICAN BROTHERHOOD
(I. R.
B.)
THE
FENIANS.
(Founded
1857-1858)
Concerning
this famous Secret Society, Captain Pollard writes :
"
From its earliest days to the present time the I. R. B. has existed as a
militant revolutionary secret society, with the avowed object of separating
Ireland from all connection with the British Empire and establishing an
independent Republican Government.
"
The founders of this movement were Colonel John O'Mahoney and a barrister,
Michael Doheney, both of whom had fled from Ireland for their share in the
rising of 1848. Both these men took refuge in France, at that time a hot-bed of
secret Carbonarist societies, such as the Communistes Revolulionnaires, the Constitutional
Society with its ' Acting Company ', the Seasons and many others, and it was in
Paris that these two fugitives lived with James Stephens, the real head and
organizer of the Fenian movement, who was also a refugee. "
"
In 1857 a messenger was sent from New York to James Stephens, then in Dublin,
asking him to get up an organization in Ireland on resources provided from the
States (U. S. A.) ; and it is clear that Stephens had already cut-and-dried
plans in his mind as to how this was to be done. He stated his terms, which
were agreed to, and on St. Patrick's Day 1858, the I. R. B. movement was
initiated by Stephens and Luby in Dublin. "
In 1859
the I. R. B. exacted the following oath ; " I, A. B., in the presence of
Almighty God, do solemnly swear allegiance to the Irish Republic now virtually
established ; and that I will do my utmost, at every risk, while life lasts, to
defend its independence and integrity ; and finally that I will yield implicit
obedience in all things, not contrary to the laws of God, to the commands of my
superior officers. So help me God. Amen. "
"
The organization made rapid headway, but the weight of the Roman Catholic
Hierarchy was surging against the movement, and in due course the Brotherhood
was excommunicated ; in 1861 no Fenian could get absolution. "
In
reference to the founding of the Fenian society in America, Heckethorn fifty
years ago had written the following :
"
In Nov. 1863, the Fenian organization assumed a new character. A grand national
convention of delegates met at Chicago and avowed the object of the
Brotherhood, namely, the separation of Ireland from England, and the establishment
of an Irish republic, the same changes being first to be effected in Canada.
Another grand convention was held in 1864 at Cincinnati, the delegates at which
represented some 250,000 members, each of which members was called upon for a
contribution of five dollars, and this call, it is said, was promptly responded
to.... About the same time a Fenian Sisterhood was established, and the ladies
were not inactive ; for in two months from their associating they returned
upwards of £200,000 sterling to the Fenian Exchequer for the purpose of
purchasing arms and other war material. "
To raise
money the Fenians issued bonds redeemable 90 days after the establishment of
the future Irish Republic.
Availing
ourselves of the remarkable documentation furnished by Captain Pollard we
gather the following facts :
"
The American Fenian Brotherhood was a separate organization, distinct from the
Irish Fenian Brotherhood or I. R. B. having its own leaders ; but both
organizations were on the same lines and had their officers, both civil and
military oaths, emblems, and passwords, funds and stores of arms. "
All was
well till Sept. 14, 1865 when "the Dublin authorities, who were thoroughly
well informed, raided the offices of The Irish People and arrested the staff.
James
Stephens was arrested with the rest but " escaped through the nominal
complicity of a warder, John Breslin, who was also a member of the I. R. B.
"
"
Stephens had received some twenty-five thousand pounds, little of which was
spent in Ireland, and in later years it was a matter of common knowledge that
Stephens, besides being Head Centre, had also an agreement with the British
Government, which threw a peculiar light on his immunity from arrest and his
later escape from prison and leisurely retreat to France. "
On March
5, 1867, " Colonel " Kelly, heading a dissident group of Fenians,
established a Directory separate from the original I. R. B. in London.
"
Kelly, it should be noted, was the inventor of the Committee of Safety, later
known as the Assassination Committee, whose function was to shoot people
suspected of ' treason ' to the Brotherhood. "
"
In 1869 new influences in America and Paris succeeded in reforming the I. R. B.
Directorate in London, a nd the organization became not only a mainspring of
revolutionary endeavour in Ireland, but a definite element in the complex
machinery of world-revolution. "
In March
1865, the Fenians joined the amalgamation of subversive Secret Societies under
Karl Marx, known as the International Association of Working Men, founded in
London on September 28th.
"
It is, at all events, clear that Marx and the leaders of the I. R. B. were in
close touch, and that Marx knew, even if the mass of Irish dupes did not, that
the Irish revolutionary dream of the I. R. B. and Fenian leaders was no merely
nationalist rebellion, but was to be a social revolution.
"
The function of the Fenian ' General ' Cluseret and his relation to the
International are not precisely clear, but he appears to have acted as a chief
of the military rather than the civil side of the secret Lodges. During his
stay in England on his Fenian mission he paid particular attention to the
problem of how London might be captured, held and burnt.... After the suppression
of the Paris branch of the Internationale it was Cluseret who organized the
workers as a secret communist revolutionary society. "
The more
recent activities of the I. R. B. should be followed in connection with The
Clan-na-Gael.
For root
of this movement see Chapter LXXVII.
For
development of this movement see Chapter LXXXVIII.
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