BLACK TERROR WHITE SOLDIER PART 31

Neoliberalism Part 2

  On 28 September 1973, the New York City headquarters of the US  manufacturing company, International Telephone & Telegraph ( ITT), was bombed by the  Weather Underground for the alleged involvement of the company in the overthrow of   Allende.  ITT, named by Charles Higham in Trading With the Enemyamong the companies that formed the “Fraternity,” had a history of supporting  Nazi regimes. Walter Schellenberg, head of the Foreign Intelligence section of the  Sicherheitsdienst(SD), the intelligence agency of the SS, was named to  ITT’s German Board of Directors on which he remained for the duration of the war,      paid   by the            home office  in New York. 24 ITT, which was established in   Chile, was at risk because “the Chilean telephone system was high on  Allende’s list for nationalization.”25 In 1970,  ITT Corporation owned  70%  of Chitelco, the Chilean Telephone Company and funded El Mercurioa Chilean  right-wing  newspaper. Declassified  documents released  by the  CIA in 2000 suggest that  ITT financially helped opponents of Salvador Allende’s government prepare a military coup. 26 ITT offered financial support    for any action by the US to oppose Salvador  Allende.27  Before  Allende’s election,  ITT channeled $700,000 to  Allende’s opponent Jorge Allesandri, and used the advice of the  CIA on how to channel this money safely. 28 They also compiled a list of leading US corporations in  Chile in February, 1970, and through  John McCone, who had been  CIA director from 1961 to 1965, and was now on the ITT board,  ITT president Harold Geneen offered $1 million to the  CIA to help defeat  Allende.29

  Acting  CIA Director  Richard  Helms bluntly lied to the Senators when he denied that the  CIA had attempted to prevent the leftist  Allende from being elected President of  Chile, claiming, “I had to sign off on all these projects—I  would have known.” When the lie was discovered  Helms had to resign as Director of the  CIA in February 1973,  and was fined the amount of $2,000 by the US Senate for perjury.

  After the coup,  Pinochet established a military dictatorship that ruled  Chile until 1990, which was marked by numerous   human rights violations against a weak insurgent movement that was maintained by elements sympathetic to Allende. In 1975,  Friedman accepted the invitation of a private foundation to visit  Chile and speak on principles of “economic freedom.” Friedman met with Pinochet and advised him with a letter that listed a series of monetary and fiscal measures  deemed to end  hyperinflation  and  promote  a  market  economy.  It           became known as the “ Chicago School” revolution because Chilean graduates of Friedman’s   University of Chicago and its new local chapters had been appointed to important positions in the new government soon after the coup, and advised   Pinochet on its  neoliberal policies. Friedman predicted that his shock treatment would provoke psychological reactions in the public that would “facilitate the adjustment.”30

  Both Klein and Noam  Chomsky have suggested, based on the extent to which the application of  neoliberal policies have contributed to income disparities and inequality, that the primary role of   neoliberalism was as an ideological cover for capital accumulation by multinational corporations. 31 Chilean economist Orlando Letelier, in an article for The Nationtitled  “Economic Freedom’s Awful Toll,” asserted that  Pinochet’s dictatorship  resorted to oppression becauseof popular opposition to the  neoliberal policies  of the   Chicago School in  Chile. 32

  According to his critics, Friedman did not criticize  Pinochet’s dictatorship at the time, nor the assassinations, illegal imprisonments, torture, or other atrocities that were well known by then. In his 1980 documentary Free to Choose, he excused:

  Chile is not a politically free system, and I do not condone the system.  But the people there are freer than the people in Communist societies because government plays a smaller role… The conditions of the people in the past few years has been getting better and not worse. They would be still better to get rid of the junta and to be able to have a free democratic system. 33

  In effect,  Friedman and  Hayek’s activities in calling for the adoption of free-market principles, to offset the trend of nationalization, were part of a broader strategy pursued by the  Operations Coordinating Board of the  CIA for the subversion of cultures and social democratic institutions around the world, assisted through both the  Ford and  Rockefeller foundations.  Hayek sponsored the global spread of these  neoliberal economic principles when he inspired  Antony Fisher of the  Mont Pelerin Society to establish the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) in London during 1955. The IEA website states that, “Since 1974 the IEA has played an active role in developing similar institutions across the globe. Today there exists a world-wide network of over one hundred institutions in nearly eighty countries. All are independent but share in the IEA’s mission.” 34 Among these were several think tanks within the wide Tavistock network, like the  Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C., during 1973; Fraser Institute of Canada in 1974. Fisher went to New York where in 1977 he set up the International Center for Economic Policy Studies (ICEPS), later renamed the Manhattan Institute. The incorporation documents were signed by prominent attorney Bill  Casey, later Director of the  CIA. The Atlas Economic Research Foundation (named after  Ayn Rand’s book, Atlas Shrug ged) was created in 1981.

  In the  Middle East, it is the  Muslim Brotherhood that is used by the  CIA as  Part of its fight against “ communism,” as a tool to further  neoliberal policies in the Islamic world. This is despite their contravention of one of the most basic principles of  Islam: charity. However, following the  Oil Crisis the formidable new wealth of the   Saudis required a haven, and it most often found its way into a network of banks and investment companies controlled by the  Muslim Brotherhood , which purported to offer modern banking services, but free of interest, or Riba. Through the use of Islamic banking, the  CIA could  not only  launder  funds intended  to          finance  terrorist  activities, but  promote the adoption of free market principles, or  neoliberalism. Therefore, despite the fact that a degree of  socialism, in the form of social welfare programs is fundamental to   Islam, as Robert Dreyfuss explains, “none of the important Islamist movements, from the  Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to  Pakistan’s Islamic Group to the Shiite fundamentalism in Iraq, preached social and economic justice. Instead, they opposed state ownership, land reform, and  social programs.” 35 They treated any such “leftists” concerns as “ socialism,”  which was branded as “atheistic.”

  Often, the  Muslim Brotherhood aligned their economic policies directly with reforms demanded by the  IMF and by inviting multinational corporations and foreign trade. 36 As noted by Ibrahim Warde in Islamic Finance in the Global Economy, “Even Islamic Republics have on occasion openly embraced neoliberalism.” 37 The Economics Minister of Sudan, Abdul Rahim Hamdi,  a disciple of   Milton Friedman and a former Islamic banker in London, implemented the harsh prescriptions of the  IMF. He was willing, in his own words, to transform the status economy “according to free-market rules, because this is how an Islamic economy should function.” 38 Similarly, the violence-prone Algerian Front Islamique (FIS) involved in the civil war during   the 1990s, openly backed the  IMF recommendations. The FIS, when it was founded in 1989, as reported by Clement Henry, “advocated market reforms in its party program—including aligning the dinar at international market rates as the  IMF was insisting at the time—and Islamic banking.” 39

  Islamic banking relied heavily on the advice and technological support from a number of American and European institutions. Also involved in the development of “Islamic” banking were the  IMF, Price Waterhouse, the major oil companies and Harvard University. Some of the groundbreaking developments in the theory of       Islamic finance were being done in Pakistan, in London and in the 1960 at the Rockefeller-funded  University of Chicago by Lloyd Metzler.  Goldman Sachs was also active in creating various commodity-based products.  Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac ran pilot projects in Islamic mortgages. The US Federal Reserve started Islamic banking programs and the  World Bank got  involved as well.“Evidently,” noted Clement White and Rodney Wilson in The Politics of Islamic Finance,         “the    Islamic financial movement        is attempting to adapt Islamic instruments originally designed for pre-industrial trade and handicrafts to a post-industrial global economy.” 40

  A convoluted system designed to hide the interest-based (Ribba) mechanism was developed with foreign assistance, to be rubber stamped by Islamic clerics recruited to grant them legitimacy. Skeptical Muslims and non-Muslim outsiders alike observe that Islamic banks in reality practice interest, but just call it by another name, such as commissions or profits         (Ribha). The Murabaha, a common form of credit provided by Islamic banks, involves a simple mark-up on a sales price. Since any fixed return can be understoo effectively as interest, as Ibrahim Warde observes,  no definition of an Islamic bank is entirely satisfactory. 41 The  Muslim Brotherhood ’s  entry  into    Islamic  finance has  its  origin   in Hassan  al Banna’s conception of “Financial   Jihad.” Financial  Jihad, or al  Jihad bil Mal, is mandated in several verses in the  Quran , such as: “you… should strive in the cause of God with your wealth and our lives,”42 and: “The [true] believers are only

those who… strive with their wealth and their lives for the cause of God.”43 But the Muslim
Brotherhood	have  misappropriated  thes

terrorism. Muhammad Abduh was the fi rst to open banking when, as head of Al Azhar and on behalf of Lord Cromer, he proclaimed

that the interest charged by the Post lead, Rashid Rida similarly maintained that the kind of interest prohibited by the

Quran is compound interest, but “it does not cover the simple interest charged on loans by banks or paid by bans to their depositors.”⁴⁴

 Al Banna designed political, econo purportedly enable Muslims to fulfi l viewed finance as a critical weapon “work towards establishing an Islamic rule on earth.”⁴⁵ He was first to that, to achieve world domination, Muslims needed an independent Islamic financial  system  to  parallel Aland  even

Banna’s successors, such as Sayyed Qutb and then Yusuf al Qaradawi, set his theories into practice by developing Shariah-based terminology and mechanisms to  advance Jihad this into fi“Islamicnancial economics,”

     In 1962, the members of the Muslim Brotherhood, having    arrived in Saudi Arabia with CIA assistance, convinced King Faisal to launch joint venture to SalafinanceWahhabiversion/theofIslamspread worldwide. This venture created charitable foundations which the Muslim Brotherhood  oversees  and  from ⁴⁶which  First was the Muslim World League. The Saudi kingdom also backed another Muslim Brotherhood initiative, the International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO) which, along with all these “charities” has been implicated for funding al Qaeda, the 9/11 attacks, Hamas and others.⁴⁷ In 1969, the Saudis convened the Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to unify Arab and Muslim states in the “struggle for Islam,” and have been its major sponsor ever since.

  The death of Gamal Nasser by heart attack in 1970, and the election of his successor Anwar Sadat to the Egyptian presidency, resulted in a complete turn-around in the country’s policy towards the Americans, in contrast to Nasser’s more uncertain Sadataffi hadliations been Nasser.closeanda con senior member of the Free Officers movement that It was also in that year, reported Eric Margolis in the Toronto Star that Sadat was recruited into the CIA.⁴⁸ Sadat assisted in a dramatic in the Middle East. He purged the Egyptian government of Nasserists, expelled thousands of Soviet troops and established a covert relationship with Saudi Arabia’s chief of intelligence Kamal Adham, the CIA and Henry Kissinger. Guided by Adham, Sadat brought the Muslim Brotherhood back to Egypt who  then  worked  extensively  to  spread King Faisal of Saudi Arabia made an offer to René Guénon’s protégé, Abdel Halim Mahmoud, then rector of the University of Al Azhar, offering him one hundred million dollars to fi nan against communism and towards the triumph of Islam. As John Cooly remarked in Unholy Wars, “Neglecting the implications of such a triumph, the CIA, in close liaison with the Saudi Arabian intelligence services under billionaire businessman Kamal Adham, offered support.”⁴⁹

The Muslim Brotherhood became loyal supporters of Sadat’s plan to promote free-enterprise in Egypt, willingly lending their support to his new economic policy of openness, or infi,whichtahwasdriven by austerity measures imposed by the IMF. The Muslim Brotherhood formal declaration commanding its members to support the infi.As Roberttah Dreyfuss explains, “The IMF’s strict demands for austerity and cutbacks were the direct result of vigorous US efforts to encourage free-enterprise economics in the Third World and to combat socialism. In Egypt, right-wing Islamists and conservative business owners quickly found common cause.”⁵⁰

The role of Saudi Arabia in international affairs was transformed with the advent of the Oil Crisis of 1973 that allowed it to achieve formidable wealth, which it used to propagate its version of Islam and expand its participation in the execution of American foreign policy by proxy. As revealed by William Engdahl in A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World

Order, the Oil Crisis was deliberately c power had been increasing through the world’s growing dependence on oil.

The largest single expenditure by recipient countries in Western Europe of the postwar European Recovery Program, the Marshall Plan, which was devised after studies by the Rockefeller Foundation, was to purchase oil supplied primarily by American oil companies and derived mainly from Saudi Arabia. A consequence of the extraordinary expansion of the importance of the major American oil companies was the parallel rise of New York banking groups tied to these oil companies. According to William Engdahl:

The net effect of this postwar cartelization of American banking and financial power into the tiny ha oriented to the fortunes of international petroleum markets and policy,

had enormous consequences for the following three decades of American financial history, overshadowing international policy, with the possible exception of the Vietnam War deficit⁵¹-financing.

Already a few months before the Oil Crisis in May 1973, at the super-secret Bilderberg meeting held at Saltsjoebaden, Sweden, a group of the world’s leading

fi nancial and political representa of OPEC petroleum revenue that would inevitably result from a rise in oil prices

from the orchestrated crisis. Present at the meeting were David Rockefeller and the leading lights of the oil industry and London and New York banking. Also

included were Robert O. Anderson of Atlant of Arco, an oil Exxon;companyLordGreenhill,affichairmanliateof

British Petroleum; Zbigniew Brzezinski, of the Trilateral Commission and soon to be Carter’s national security advisor; Gianni Agnelli of Italy’s Fiat and Otto Wolff von Amerongen of Germany, director of Exxon and also a member of the Trilateral commission. Among the other Bilderbergers were Baron Edmund de Rothschild, Robert McNamara of the World Bank, Sir Eric Roll of S

and Co., Ltd and director of the Bank of England, Pierce Paul Schweitzer of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and George Ball of Lehman Bothers investment bank, past director of SOCAL, as well as member of the CFR.

William Engdahl asserts that the Yom Kippur War of 1973, provoked when Egypt and Syria invaded Israel, was secretly coordinated by Washington and London using the intricate diplomatic channels developed by Henry Kissinger. Kissinger, who had persuaded Nixon to name him Secretary of State just prior to the war, controlled the Israeli response and exploited channels to the Egyptians and Syrians. His method was to misrepresent to each party the critical elements of the other, ensuring the war and the subsequent Arab oil embargo. By October 16, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), traditionally dominated by Saudi Arabia, raised the price of oil and declared an embargo on the US and the Netherlands, Rotterdam being the major oil port of Europe, thus eventually quadrupling the price of oil, which they  would  directly  profi t  from.

As part of Kissinger’s plot to profi t from had established a secret accord with the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) according to which a substantialSaudipetrodollars port resulting from the crisis were to be defi citsKissinger .had Asonce noted, “Control the oil and you can control entire continents. Control food and you control people.”⁵² Without their own domestic resources, these Third World countries were suddenly confronted with an unexpected and unpayable increase in oil imports. Therefore, the New York and London banks took the OPEC oil profi ts that h with them and loaned them back out as Eurodollar bonds or loans to those countries, now desperate to borrow do Kissinger termed this dastardly scheme “recycling petrodollars,” a strategy that had already been discussed at the 1971 Bilderberger meeting in Sweden. On the whole, over 1974, developing c $35 billion according to the IMF, a colossal sum in tha four times as large as in 1973 and in proportion to the oil price increase.

   In  1973,  the  fi rst  undertaking  of Cooperation (OIC) was to establish the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) “in accordance with the principles of the Shariah,” as prescribed by the Muslim

Brotherhood, and to launch an Islamic fi na growth in petrodollars. The IDB, more a development than commercial bank,

was established largely “to promote Islamic banking worldwide.”⁵³ But the IDB has also transferred funds to support the Palestinian Intifada and families of Palestinian suicide bombers.

The  Muslim first Brotherhood major financial  instituti

Islamic Bank (FIBE) which, according to a 1991 US Library of Congress report on Sudan, was also supported by the IDB. The FIBE was created in 1976 and run by Prince Mohammed al Faisal, the son of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. The FIBE is described in Islamic Finance in the Global Economy by Ibrahim Warda as “part of the principal, Saudi-controlled, global Islamic

financial⁵⁴and bynetwork,”RobertDreyfussas having, “played a decisive role in the Islamization of Egypt and the region.”⁵⁵ Together, Sudanese Islamic banks acquired twenty percent of the country’s deposits “providing the financial basis to turn Sudan the Islamic governmental policies to date.”⁵⁶

 Among the bank’s founders were Yusuf al Qaradawi and Youssef Nada. Qaradawi joined the Muslim Brotherhood in his youth and Hasan al-Banna, as Qaradawi often stated, was his foremost mentor. Another of his mentors was Guénon’s protégé, Abdel Halim Mahmoud. Another of the bank’s founders was the notorious Sheikh Omar Abdur Rahman who was among those recruited to Sadat’s Islamization plan, but who would later be partly responsible for his assassination in 1981. As a young man, Nada, one of the international leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood, had joined the armed branch of the “secret apparatus” of the Muslim Brotherhood, and then was recruited by German military intelligence. When Grand Mufti al Husseini had to fl Nazi defeat loomed, Youssef Nada is rumored to have been personally involved in arranging through the SS his escape via Switzerland back to Egypt and then Palestine.⁵⁷ Once he was implicated in the assassination attempt against Nasser, Nada escaped Egypt, flItaly,eeingwherehe becamefi rst a naturalized Italian citizen

Esalen, the CIA & Ancient Aliens Part 1

  The collective psychological trauma of the tragedies of the Manson killings and the murder at Altamont had destroyed the naïve idealism of the sixties. Coupled with America’s defeat in Vietnam, the Watergate scandal, revelations of the CIA’s nefarious activities, that idealism was replaced with a turn inward

And these lf ishandun apologetic hedonism known to hav echaracter the “Me” generation. As Sam Binkley explained, in Getting Loose: Lifestyle Consumption in The 1970s, “The new introspectiveness announced the demise of an established set of traditional faiths centered on work and the postponement ofgratification,andtheemergenceofaconsumptionlif-orientethicstyle centered on lived experience and the immediacy of daily lifestyle choices.”¹

Health and exercise fads, New Age spirituality, discos and hot tub parties, self-help programs such as EST (Erhard Seminars Training), and the growth of the

self-help book thus industry became identified BabyBoomer

This experimentation was much influenc byt he hokeyd“spirit

Practice sendorsed by the Tavistock Esalen      affiliated Institute which,according to Wouter Hanegraaff in New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought, in addition to the Hippies, had been the second major influence of the 60s counter culture and the rise of the New Age movement. ² As explained by Jeffrey J. Kripal in Esalen: America and the Religion of No Religion, one of the central figures behind the experimentation Esalen,and the currents of the countercultural movement as a whole, was Wilhelm Reich. Essentially, Esalen taught the same Freudian notions of repressed emotions asserted by Reich and the Frankfurt School. And, according to BBC documentary filmmakerAdamCurtis,inTheCentury of the Self , referring to Esalen, “The ideas and the techniques that were taught there in the 1970s have fundamentally transformed both society and politics as much, or possibly even more, than any right-wing free market theories.” As Adam Curtis explains:

[Esalen founder Michael Murphy] gathered together a group of radical psychoanalysts and psychotherapists and encouraged them to give classes in their techniques. What united them was the belief that modern society repressed individuals inner feelings. Because of this the individuals led narrow, desiccated lives and their true feelings were bent and warped.

Esalen taught people how to break out of this prison, how to

let their inner feelings out and so become liberated beings. It was a wonderful dream—and thousands of people who had turned away from radical politics in the 1960s came to learn how to change society by changing themselves.³

Esalen is a truly apt symbol of Amer spray painted, “Jive shit for rich white folk,” on the entrance to Esalen. The kinds of aspirations provided by Esalen can only be combined with a complete ignorance of the real struggle of less fortunate people around the world. As Helen Keller explained: “Many persons have a wrong idea of what constitutes true happiness. It is not attained th to a worthy purpose.” True personal f selfi sh instincts and pursuing the G of others above our own. However, those not cognizant of or in denial of this

basic human propensity, then try to assuage the resulting spiritual void with escapist ideologies, thus becoming susceptible to the counterfeit “spirituality” offered by Esalen and other New Age charlatans. These vague notions of spiritual emancipation offered by Esalen were predicated on the thought of Abraham Maslow—a key figure at Frankfurtt he insted School member and Tavistock,important Kurt Lewin— who influence forth the theory of a hierarchy of needs, which proposed the achievement of psychological health through the fulf culminating in “self-actualization.”

Esalen, which was established in 1962, in Big Sur, California, with the assistance of Aldous Huxley. Esalen’s nominal founders were two transcendental meditation students, both graduates of Stanford University, Michael Murphy and Richard Price. After graduating from Stanford, Price attended Harvard University to continue studying psychology, and then joined the Air Force and lived in San Francisco, where he met Alan Watts and experienced a transformative psychotic break. Price was admitted to a mental hospital for a time, before returning to San Francisco. Price also participated in experiments at Bateson’s Palo Alto Veterans Hospital.⁴ Before also settling in San Francisco, Murphy, traveled to India to study with Sri Aurobindo (1872– 1950), who Traditionalists like Mir authentic representative of the Indian spiritual tradition.

After they met in 1961, Murphy and Price began formulating plans for a forum that would be open to ways of thinking beyond the constraints of mainstream academia, while hoping to avoid the dogmatism typically associated with cults. They envisioned a laboratory for experimentation in a wide range of philosophies, religious disciplines and psychological techniques. They were given networking support by Watts, Huxley and his wife Laura, as well as by Gerald Heard and Gregory Bateson. The concept of Esalen was partially modeled upon Trabuco College, founded by Heard as a quasi-monastic experiment in Southern California, and later donated to the Vedanta Society of Southern California.

Murphy, Price and their students at Esalen became inebriated with a delirious idealism about a coming transformation, which they believed to be the

fulfilment  of  an  evolutionary  pro

Theosophical tradition of spiritual evolution, initiated by Max Theon, Henri Bergson and Alfred North Whitehead. But Murphy and Price were particularly infl uencedAurobindo andbyFrenchSriphilosopher and Jesuit priest Teilhard de Chardin (1881 – 1955), who both matter to a future state of Divine consciousness. Teilhard de Chardin refers to this as the Omega Point, and Sri Aurobindo as the Supermind. Aurobindo’s close spiritual collaborator, Mirra Richard, came to be known as “The Mother,” who in her 20s studied occultism with Max Theon. In the mid-1960s “The Mother” personally guided the founding of Auroville, an international township endorsed by UNESCO to further human unity in Tamil Nadu, near the Pondicherry border, which was to be a place “where men and women of all countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities.”

Teilhard de Chardin, who was trained as paleontologist and geologist, Teilhard took part in the infamous Peking Man and Piltdown Man, the largest academic scandal in history, that attempted to substantiate the truth of Darwin’s evolutionary hypothesis. Often referred to as the “Catholic Darwin,” Teilhard is known for his attempt to synthesize Christianity and the theory of evolution. Teilhard was inspired by the theory of Creative Evolution of Henri Bergson, who put forward an alternate explanation for Darwin’s mechanism of evolution, suggesting that evolution is motivated by a “vital impetus” that can also be understood as humanity’s natural creative impulse. Teilhard was tied closely with Julian Huxley, who belonged to a family that had from the outset been closely devoted to the promotion of Darwinism. Huxley wrote the introduction to Teilhard’s The Phenomenon of Man, referring to it as “a very remarkable work by a very remarkable human being.” Teilhard signed the Eugenics Manifesto together with Julian and Theodosius Dobzhansky, the eminent twentieth century biologist, through whom he through Dobzhansky’s development of the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis.

Teilhard de Chardin developed the concept of the Noosphere, as an extension of his Law of ComplexityKabbalistic notion of evolution. The Noosphere, derived from the Greek nous (“mind”), is the third in a succession of phases of development of the Earth, after the

 geosphere (inanimate matter) and t Noosphere as the “thinking envelope of the biosphere,” and the “conscious unity of souls,” which was “the very Soul of the Earth,” woven around the earth from the contributions of the totality of mankind. Teilhard argued that as mankind organizes itself in more complex social networks, the Noosphere will grow in awareness, culminating in the goal of history, which he referred to as the Omega Point, a maximum level of complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was evolving. Teilhard argued that the Omega Point resembles the Christian Logos, namely Christ, who draws all things into himself, and who in the words of the Nicene Creed is “God from God” and “through him all things were made.”